This text presents a realistic view of the role of statistics in the courtroom. While obviously intended to introduce statistics to attornies, it provides statisticians such as myself with a clearcut view of what works and what doesn't work in a courtroom setting. Recommended both for attornies who want to brush up or relearn their statistics to get the most out of a statistician, and statisticians who want to develop productive working relationships with attornies.

Кл.слова:
судовий процес -- судова система

Barfield and Calfee clearly explain arcane issues of patent law and the tremendous effect that they can have on our economy, our technological progress, and our health. As Congress considers sweeping changes to the patent law, this book is a timely evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current system and the risk of overly aggressive reform. Biotechnology and the Patent System analyzes the role of intellectual property protection in biomedical research, one of America’s leading growth industries. Barfield and Calfee explore ways in which patent law fosters future research and venture capital investment; they also evaluate whether the current system could potentially impede genomic research and the development of new treatment and diagnostic tools.

Кл.слова:
законодавство -- біотехнологія

In recent years there has been a growth in the availability and popularity of both undergraduate modules and taught postgraduate courses in the broad field of forensic psychology. Indeed the term ‘forensic’ has been increasingly juxtaposed with a range of areas of academic study e.g. analysis, anthropology, archaeology, computing, engineering, investigation, measurement, psychobiology, psychology and science (UCAS, 2008). This is also evident in much professional practice, both within the field of health (e.g. psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists, occupational therapists and social workers) and beyond (e.g. accountants and computing specialists).

Кл.слова:
судова система

How has the International Criminal Court (ICC) been able to evolve into a fairly effective, albeit relatively untested multi-level model of global governance? This volume explores this question and the novel predicament it represents for understanding the challenges of extending globalgovernance and promoting global justice. It focuses on the novel dynamics and design of the ICC and the role played by realpolitik factors such as the UN Security veto and intra-state competition in shaping and testing the cosmopolitan dimensions of the Court. To study these focal points and tounderstand the political challenges shaping the policies of the ICC, the book adopts a synergistic model based on four levels of responsibility, ranging from the state's negative responsibility not to harm its own citizens to the positive, open-ended global responsibility of the ICC Prosecutor. Themodel offers the basis of the book's cutting-edge, innovative approach, a "cosmopolitan political realism" , which encompasses and interweaves four International Relations theoretical perspectives: rationalism, constructivism, communicative action theory, and cosmopolitanism. Guiding this model isthe metaphor of the switch levers of train tracks, in which the Prosecutor and Judges serve as the agents switching (and criss-crossing) the tracks of realpolitik and cosmopolitanism. With this visual aid, the volume shows just how the ICC has become one of the most intriguing points of intersectionbetween law, politics, and ethics.

Кл.слова:
право -- політика -- етика

Forensic ergonomics and human factors is the application of ergonomics theory, principles, and data to determine causes of system failures, often involving personal injury, considered in the context of litigation. The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics (or human factors) as the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.

Кл.слова:
судова система -- судочинство

Alexander Bain invented the fax machine. John Pemberton created Coca-Cola. James Harrison invented the refrigerator. All of them went broke because they didn't know how to run a business. Creating a successful invention isn't enough; this guide shows how to make it a business.

Кл.слова:
організація бізнесу -- управління бізнесом

As the branch of law dealing with the exercise of governmental power, and so directly concerned with politics, policy issues and good governance values, administrative law can challenge even the advanced student. In response, this classic text looks at both the law and the factors informing it, elaborating the foundations of the subject. This contextualised approach allows the reader to develop a broad understanding of the subject. The authors consider the distinctive theoretical frameworks which inform study of this challenging subject. Case law and legislation are set out and discussed and the authors have built in a range of case studies, to give a clear practical dimension to the study. This new and updated edition will cement the title’s prominent status.

Кл.слова:
право

The definitive volume on the sources of contemporary conflict and the array of possible responses to it.

Кл.слова:
війна

Настоящая монография посвящена проблемам систематизации источников права в Поздней Римской и Византийской империи в V-VI вв. н. э., а также в IX начале X вв. В работе исследуется процесс становления и развития понятий закон, кодекс, правоустановите

Кл.слова:
право -- закон -- кодекс

The role of the U.S. Supreme Court in the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election raised questions in the minds of many Americans about the relationships between judges and political influence; the following years saw equally heated debates over the appropriate role of political ideology in selecting federal judges. Legal scholars have always debated these questions—asking, in effect, how much judicial systems operate on merit and principle and how much they are shaped by politics. The Japanese Constitution, like many others, requires that all judges be "independent in the exercise of their conscience and bound only by this Constitution and its laws." Consistent with this requirement, Japanese courts have long enjoyed a reputation for vigilant independence—an idea challenged only occasionally, and most often anecdotally. But in this book, J. Mark Ramseyer and Eric B. Rasmusen use the latest statistical techniques to examine whether that reputation always holds up to scrutiny—whether, and to what extent, the careers of lower court judges can be manipulated to political advantage. On the basis of careful econometric analysis of career data for hundreds of judges, Ramseyer and Rasmusen find that Japanese politics do influence judicial careers, discreetly and indirectly: judges who decide politically charged cases in ways favored by the ruling party enjoy better careers after their decisions than might otherwise be expected, while dissenting judges are more likely to find their careers hampered by assignments to less desirable positions. Ramseyer and Rasmusen's sophisticated yet accessible analysis has much to offer anyone interested in either judicial independence or the application of econometric techniques in the social sciences.

Кл.слова:
суд -- політика

The textual legacy of southern Mesopotamia during the seventh, sixth and fi fth centuries BCE stands out for its abundance. The vast majority of these texts pertain to legal and administrative, rather than literary, matters. Loans, contracts, sales, marriages, adoptions and other day-to-day affairs were recorded on clay tablets by scribes writing in cuneiform script. Thousands of these tablets are known to today’s scholars, while many more are believed to exist and await discovery or publication.1 Modern Assyriological scholarship refers to these texts as Neo-Babylonian legal and administrative texts. They offer pictures of many aspects of Mesopotamian socio-economic and legal institutions in the centuries immediately preceding the Common Era.

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція -- судова система

Since the mid-1970s, there has been a dramatic shift in America's socioeconomic system, one that has gone virtually unnoticed by the general public. Tax policies and their enforcement have become a disaster, and thanks to discreet lobbying by a segment of the top 1 percent, Washington is reluctant or unable to fix them. The corporate income tax, the estate tax, and the gift tax have been largely ignored by the media. But the cumulative results are remarkable: today someone who earns a yearly salary of $60,000 pays a larger percentage of his income in taxes than the four hundred richest Americans.

Кл.слова:
економіка -- податок

Existen dos tendencias de las política criminal con respecto a la criminalidad: la primera, la reintegración social del autor, y segunto, hacerle frente mediante la firmeza y la disuación, que es la que está en boga. Gran parte de la política criminal en si misma, al ser parte de la política en general, es usada para dar mas popularidad a los políticos, los cuales no tienen la menor idea de lo que realmente ocurre con el problema de la criminalidad. Así se vé como éstos políticos han desordenado el sistema Penal, al imponer sus puntos de vista con respecto a la aplicación siniestra de la pena privativa de libertad. Desde el punto de vista de Roxin, solo se debe aplicar la pena privativa de libartad a casos realmente graves como lo son los delitos capitales, y no se debería aplicar a dicha a delitos menores...

Кл.слова:
право -- закон

Prisons have undoubtedly changed over the years, as have penal practices in general, though more so in some countries than others. Prisons and prison systems have long been an overlooked part of criminal justice research, and as a result, limited material is available on many institutions. This comprehensive encyclopedia provides a historical overview of institutions and systems around the world, as well as penal theories, prisoner culture and life, and notable prisoners and personnel. Readers will find a plethora of information including material on such famous prisons as the Tower of London and Alcatraz, as well as on such topics as boot camps and parole. Other entries include Devil's Island, supermaximum prisons, Nelson Mandela, Pennsylvania system, and Amnesty International. Numerous appendixes list famous prisoners, prison museums, prison slang, and more.

Кл.слова:
в'язень -- в'язниця -- покарання

Ruling the World?: Constitutionalism, International Law, and Global Governance provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the major developments and central questions in debates over international constitutionalism at the UN, EU, WTO, and other sites of global governance. The essays in this volume explore controversial empirical and structural questions, doctrinal and normative issues, and questions of institutional design and positive political theory. Ruling the World? grows out of a three-year research project that brought twelve leading scholars together to create a comprehensive and integrated framework for understanding global constitutionalization. Ruling the World? is the first volume to explore in a cross-cutting way constitutional discourse across international regimes, constitutional pluralism, and relations among transnational and domestic constitutions. The volume examines the core assumptions, basic analytic tools, and key challenges in contemporary debates over international constitutionalization.

Кл.слова:
конституція -- право