At the end of the 20th century, it was thought by many that the Anglo-American system of corporate governance was performing effectively and some observers claimed to see an international trend towards convergence around this model. There can be no denying that the recent corporate governance crisis in the US has caused many to question their faith in this view. This collection of essays by the leading British and American scholars provides a comprehensive attempt to answer the following questions: firstly, What went wrong—when and why do markets misprice the value of firms, and what was wrong with the incentives set by Enron? What has been done in response, and how well will it work? This study includes essays on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the US, UK company law reform, and European company law and auditor liability reform, along with a consideration of corporate governance reforms in historical perspective. Three approaches emerge. The first two approaches share the premise that the system is fundamentally sound, but these approaches part ways over whether a regulatory response is required. The third view, in contrast, argues that the various scandals demonstrate fundamental weaknesses in the Anglo-American system itself, which cannot hope to be repaired by the sort of reforms that have taken place.

Кл.слова:
право -- цінні папери

Before September 11, 2001, few Americans had heard of immigration detention, but in fact a secret and repressive prison system run by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service has existed in this country for more than two decades. In American Gulag, prisoners, jailers, and whistle-blowing federal officials come forward to describe the frightening reality inside these INS facilities. Journalist Mark Dow's on-the-ground reporting brings to light documented cases of illegal beatings and psychological torment, prolonged detention, racism, and inhumane conditions. Intelligent, impassioned, and unlike anything that has been written on the topic, this gripping work of investigative journalism should be read by all Americans. It is a book that will change the way we see our country. American Gulag takes us inside prisons such as the Krome North Service Processing Center in Miami, the Corrections Corporation of America's Houston Processing Center, and county jails around the country that profit from contracts to hold INS prisoners. It contains disturbing in-depth profiles of detainees, including Emmy Kutesa, a defector from the Ugandan army who was tortured and then escaped to the United States, where he was imprisoned in Queens, and then undertook a hunger strike in protest. To provide a framework for understanding stories like these, Dow gives a brief history of immigration laws and practices in the United States--including the repercussions of September 11 and present-day policies. His book reveals that current immigration detentions are best understood not as a well-intentioned response to terrorism but rather as part of the larger context of INS secrecy and excessive authority. American Gulag exposes the full story of a cruel prison system that is operating today with an astonishing lack of accountability.

Кл.слова:
ув'язнення -- іміграція

Contemporary accounts of what’s “natural” for human society still cite the thirteenth-century system of Thomas Aquinas – even on the Supreme Court. But those accounts ignore his biblical commentaries, which reveal something much stranger. Against the reigning impression, the commentaries embed all law, even the law of nature, in a sexually charged story of decline by specific ethnic groups – Jews and Gentiles – gendered in changing ways and redeemed by the reinsemination of divine grace. This book uses accounts of ethnicity and gender, nature and grace in Aquinas’s biblical commentaries to reframe the systematic works (especially his Summa theologiae) still quoted in court. The whole advantage of natural law is supposed to lie in its independence from any particular group, history, or religion. That is why rival views of gender and sexuality both appeal to “nature” and cite Aquinas. But Aquinas’s Summa ties natural law to specific biblical passages, where his commentary describes a nature that differs by ethnicity, varies over time, and changes sexuality by God’s decree. This destabilizes turn-of-the-twenty-first-century uses, liberal or conservative.

Кл.слова:
середньовічна філософія -- релігієзнавство -- екзегетика -- моральні категорії

The path from green card to U.S. citizenship can be a winding one -- and running into bureaucratic hassles is inevitable. But with Becoming a U.S. Citizen, you can shave years off the time it takes to become a citizen.

Кл.слова:
громадянство

Congressional representation requires that legislators be aware of the interests of constituents in their districts and behave in ways that reflect the wishes of their constituents. But of the many constituents in their districts, who do legislators in Washington actually see, and who goes unseen? Moreover, how do these perceptions of constituents shape legislative behavior? This book answers these fundamental questions by developing a theory of legislative perception that leverages insights from cognitive psychology. Legislators are shown to see only a few constituents in their district on a given policy, namely those who donate to their campaigns and contact the legislative office, and fail to see many other relevant constituents. Legislators are also subsequently more likely to act on behalf of the constituents they see, while important constituents not seen by legislators are rarely represented in the policymaking process. Overall, legislators' views of constituents are limited and flawed, and even well-meaning legislators cannot represent their constituents if they do not accurately see who is in their district.

Кл.слова:
законодавство США

Cooperating for Peace and Security is a comprehensive survey of multilateral security cooperation since 1989. With essays by leading experts on topics from peacekeeping to nuclear security, it goes beyond theoretical discussions of the value of cooperation to show how the operational activities of international organizations meet the security needs of states. In particular, it explores the complex relationship between multilateralism and American security concerns. Covering the UN, NATO, and regional organizations, the authors show that U.S. interests have often shaped institutions. But, more strikingly, other states have also driven institutional change without U.S. support or even in the face of American opposition. This raises important questions about how the balance of power shapes international institutions. In a period of shifting power dynamics, the empirical evidence on security cooperation gathered in this volume is a unique resource for scholars and policy-makers concerned with the future of international institutions.

Кл.слова:
військове формування -- силова структура

Vol. 344. - 1338 p.

With over 750 entries, the Encyclopedia of United States National Security is the first single, concise reference source to provide accurate and informative answers to the many challenging questions of how, why, when, and where national security has evolved. In addition to presenting historical facts and analyses, this two-volume encyclopedia is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to some of the more complicated and abstract questions concerning world politics and national security. A thoroughly interdisciplinary work, this encyclopedia views national security from historical, economic, political, and technological perspectives.

Кл.слова:
безпека -- сша

Homicide was the third leading cause of occupational injury death in the U.S. for the period from 1980 through 1985, accounting for nearly 13% of the nation's total deaths from trauma in the workplace. Homicide was the manner of death for 12% if the men and 42% of the women who died from injuries sustained in U.S. workplaces during the 6-year period for which data were available at the time of the workshop.

Кл.слова:
вбивство -- праця

The scope of US antitrust law as defined in the Supreme Court's decisions in Trinko and Credit Suisse Securities is much narrower than the scope of EU competition law. US antitrust enforcers have become increasingly reluctant to apply antitrust rules to regulated markets, whereas the European Commission has consistently used EU competition rules to correct the externalities resulting from government action. The contrasting approaches adopted by US and EU antitrust enforcers to these issues, as with the differences in addressing market dominance, have had a profound impact on the scope of antitrust intervention in the IP field. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the relevant recent developments on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies the pitfalls of regulating IP through competition rules. With a unique comparative perspective, this book will be an invaluable resource for postgraduate students, academics and practitioners in IP and competition law.

Кл.слова:
антимонопольний закон

This book gathers, synthesizes and analyzes case law in a variety of substantive contexts, including public employment, prison administration, and government benefits. It places current case law into historical context, serving as a reference guide for students, practitioners, judges and scholars interested in procedural due process. The author addresses the central requirements of notice and the opportunity to be heard as well as the day in court ideal. It also examines the protection due process affords against litigation in a distant forum with which the defendant has no connection.

Кл.слова:
закон США -- правові гарантії

  Текст у форматі PDF 1.51 Мб

Присвячено тематиці застосування Радянським Союзом «активних заходів» проти США під час холодної війни з метою досягнення власних зовнішньополітичних цілей. «Активні заходи» включали поширення дезінформації, використання агентів впливу та організацій прикриття, маніпулювання ЗМК та інші методи. Сьогодні ці самі методи застосовуються в межах гібридної війни, яку веде РФ проти України. Дослідження досвіду радянсько-американського протистояння дозволить поліпшити інструменти протидії сучасним викликам гібридної війни. Розраховано на державних службовців, фахівців сектору безпеки і оборони, а також на широкий загал.

Кл.слова:
спецслужби -- дезінформація -- пропаганда -- національна безпека

В работе исследованы авторско-правовые аспекты функционирования Интернета, определены материалы, которые подлежат охране авторским правом. Рассмотрены особенности правовой охраны отдельных категорий произведений, освещены содержание и объем авторских прав в контексте Интернета и основные способы их защиты. Проведен сравнительный анализ положений правовых актов и судебных решений в сфере авторского права Украины, России, США и государств Западной Европы, норм международных актов и нормативно-правовых актов ЕС по охране авторского права. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию законодательства Украины относительно охраны авторских прав на размещенные в Интернете произведения. Книга рассчитана на студентов, аспирантов, преподавателей юридических факультетов и вузов, правоведов, а также на широкий круг читателей.

Кл.слова:
інтернет -- віртуальне законодавство

Настоящий курс лекций ставит своей целью рассмотреть довольно распространенный феномен современной политической практики – административный ресурс. Основной задачей спецкурса является выведение означенной проблематики из публицистической плоскости и проведение научного анализа административного ресурса как управленческого метода, обладающего явной коррупционной сущностью. Для этого предлагается рассмотреть актуальные в политико-правовых науках модели исследования коррупции и акцентировать внимание на особенностях социально-политической парадигмы. Основываясь на раскрытии её концептуальных основ, в курсе лекций раскрывается специфика административного ресурса как разновидности политической коррупции, связанной с нецелевым использованием властных полномочий в процессе реализации общественных интересов. В рамках спецкурса рассматриваются основные сферы реализации административного ресурса с иллюстрацией выводов фактами из современной политической жизни России. Кроме того, затрагивается тема дифференциации административного ресурса, выделения целого ряда его разновидностей, принципиально отличающихся друг от друга, но, в конечном счете, складывающихся в единое целое. Отдельно предлагается вниманию читателя общая характеристика методология мониторинга административного ресурса в рамках избирательных кампаний, разработанная и апробированная Центром антикоррупционных исследований и инициатив «Transparency International - Россия». Работа может представлять интерес как для студентов, так и для аспирантов и преподавателей, а также всех тех, кто интересуется проблемами государственного управления.

Кл.слова:
політика -- кримінал -- злочинність

Цей практичний посібник підготовлено в рамках проекту "Центр комерційного права", що здійснюється компанією "Делойт Туш Томатсу" за фінансової підтримки Агентства США з міжнародного розвитку. Він продовжує серію видань для юристів з актуальних питань українського законодавства. Вихід у світ цього посібника – ще один крок до створення чіткого правового поля для забезпечення підприємницької діяльності в Україні. Посібник розраховано переважно на державних виконавців. Проте він буде корисним для юристів-практиків та підприємців, які при здійсненні своєї діяльності змушені мати справу з Державною виконавчою службою (ДВС), а також для широкого кола зацікавлених осіб.

Кл.слова:
майно -- боржник -- банк -- стягнення