The paper discusses possibilities and conditions needed to obtain a super small grain and nanocrystal structures by means of deformation shock waves that are displaced in relation to each other in time and space. Investigations demonstrated that with shock wave loading plastic deformation can spread over a bigger material volume as compared with other hardening methods and can be classified as an intensive plastic deformation method and as a gradient hardening method that are both applied to homogeneous metals and alloys to obtain micro- and nanocrystal structures characterized by improved mechanical properties. Deformation shock wave hardening used to create super small grain and nanocrystal structures in metal alloys is able to facilitate a wider introduction of nanostructured materials into industry.

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