Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease of the kidney glomeruli and one of the leading causes of nephrotic syndrome. The disease exhibits heterogenous outcomes with approximately 30 % of cases progressing to end-stage renal disease. The study of MN pathogenesis has steadily advanced owing to the identification of autoantibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in 2009 and thrombospondin domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) on the podocyte surface in 2014. Approximately 50 - 80 and 3 - 5 % of primary MN cases are associated with either anti-PLA2R or anti-THSD7A antibodies, respectively. The presence of these autoantibodies is used for MN diagnosis; antibody levels correlate with disease severity and possess significant biomarker values in monitoring disease progression and treatment response.

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